What is the primary method to monitor ICP?

The primary method to monitor intracranial pressure (ICP) is through invasive intracranial pressure monitoring devices. These devices, such as intraventricular catheters, subdural sensors, or epidural sensors, are placed inside the cranial cavity. They provide continuous, real-time measurements of ICP, allowing for immediate assessment of changes in pressure that could signify complications such as edema, hemorrhage, or other neurological emergencies.

Invasive monitoring is crucial for patients at high risk for elevated ICP, such as those with traumatic brain injuries or certain neurological conditions. These invasive methods allow for not just monitoring, but also the potential for therapeutic interventions, such as drainage of cerebrospinal fluid if necessary.

Other methods mentioned, such as non-invasive blood pressure measurement, MRI, and CT scans, do not directly measure ICP. Non-invasive techniques may provide indirect indicators of ICP but cannot give a definitive measurement. Imaging studies like MRI and CT can identify structural causes of increased ICP or complications but cannot monitor pressure changes in real time. Therefore, the choice of invasive monitoring devices stands out as the most effective and reliable means for directly measuring intracranial pressure.